SAIO - Swift All In One

Instructions for setting up a development VM

This section documents setting up a virtual machine for doing Swift development. The virtual machine will emulate running a four node Swift cluster. To begin:

  • Get an Ubuntu 14.04 LTS server image or try something Fedora/CentOS.
  • Create guest virtual machine from the image.

What’s in a <your-user-name>

Much of the configuration described in this guide requires escalated administrator (root) privileges; however, we assume that administrator logs in as an unprivileged user and can use sudo to run privileged commands.

Swift processes also run under a separate user and group, set by configuration option, and referenced as <your-user-name>:<your-group-name>. The default user is swift, which may not exist on your system. These instructions are intended to allow a developer to use his/her username for <your-user-name>:<your-group-name>.

Installing dependencies

  • On apt based systems:

    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install curl gcc memcached rsync sqlite3 xfsprogs \
                         git-core libffi-dev python-setuptools \
                         liberasurecode-dev libssl-dev
    sudo apt-get install python-coverage python-dev python-nose \
                         python-xattr python-eventlet \
                         python-greenlet python-pastedeploy \
                         python-netifaces python-pip python-dnspython \
                         python-mock
    
  • On yum based systems:

    sudo yum update
    sudo yum install curl gcc memcached rsync sqlite xfsprogs git-core \
                     libffi-devel xinetd liberasurecode-devel \
                     openssl-devel python-setuptools \
                     python-coverage python-devel python-nose \
                     pyxattr python-eventlet \
                     python-greenlet python-paste-deploy \
                     python-netifaces python-pip python-dns \
                     python-mock
    

    Note: This installs necessary system dependencies and most of the python dependencies. Later in the process setuptools/distribute or pip will install and/or upgrade packages.

Next, choose either Using a partition for storage or Using a loopback device for storage.

Using a partition for storage

If you are going to use a separate partition for Swift data, be sure to add another device when creating the VM, and follow these instructions:

  1. Set up a single partition:

    sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
    sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
    
  2. Edit /etc/fstab and add:

    /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sdb1 xfs noatime,nodiratime,nobarrier,logbufs=8 0 0
    
  3. Create the mount point and the individualized links:

    sudo mkdir /mnt/sdb1
    sudo mount /mnt/sdb1
    sudo mkdir /mnt/sdb1/1 /mnt/sdb1/2 /mnt/sdb1/3 /mnt/sdb1/4
    sudo chown ${USER}:${USER} /mnt/sdb1/*
    sudo mkdir /srv
    for x in {1..4}; do sudo ln -s /mnt/sdb1/$x /srv/$x; done
    sudo mkdir -p /srv/1/node/sdb1 /srv/1/node/sdb5 \
                  /srv/2/node/sdb2 /srv/2/node/sdb6 \
                  /srv/3/node/sdb3 /srv/3/node/sdb7 \
                  /srv/4/node/sdb4 /srv/4/node/sdb8 \
                  /var/run/swift
    sudo chown -R ${USER}:${USER} /var/run/swift
    # **Make sure to include the trailing slash after /srv/$x/**
    for x in {1..4}; do sudo chown -R ${USER}:${USER} /srv/$x/; done
    

    Note: We create the mount points and mount the storage disk under /mnt/sdb1. This disk will contain one directory per simulated swift node, each owned by the current swift user.

    We then create symlinks to these directories under /srv. If the disk sdb is unmounted, files will not be written under /srv/*, because the symbolic link destination /mnt/sdb1/* will not exist. This prevents disk sync operations from writing to the root partition in the event a drive is unmounted.

  4. Next, skip to Common Post-Device Setup.

Using a loopback device for storage

If you want to use a loopback device instead of another partition, follow these instructions:

  1. Create the file for the loopback device:

    sudo mkdir /srv
    sudo truncate -s 1GB /srv/swift-disk
    sudo mkfs.xfs /srv/swift-disk
    

    Modify size specified in the truncate command to make a larger or smaller partition as needed.

  2. Edit /etc/fstab and add:

    /srv/swift-disk /mnt/sdb1 xfs loop,noatime,nodiratime,nobarrier,logbufs=8 0 0
    
  3. Create the mount point and the individualized links:

    sudo mkdir /mnt/sdb1
    sudo mount /mnt/sdb1
    sudo mkdir /mnt/sdb1/1 /mnt/sdb1/2 /mnt/sdb1/3 /mnt/sdb1/4
    sudo chown ${USER}:${USER} /mnt/sdb1/*
    for x in {1..4}; do sudo ln -s /mnt/sdb1/$x /srv/$x; done
    sudo mkdir -p /srv/1/node/sdb1 /srv/1/node/sdb5 \
                  /srv/2/node/sdb2 /srv/2/node/sdb6 \
                  /srv/3/node/sdb3 /srv/3/node/sdb7 \
                  /srv/4/node/sdb4 /srv/4/node/sdb8 \
                  /var/run/swift
    sudo chown -R ${USER}:${USER} /var/run/swift
    # **Make sure to include the trailing slash after /srv/$x/**
    for x in {1..4}; do sudo chown -R ${USER}:${USER} /srv/$x/; done
    

    Note: We create the mount points and mount the loopback file under /mnt/sdb1. This file will contain one directory per simulated swift node, each owned by the current swift user.

    We then create symlinks to these directories under /srv. If the loopback file is unmounted, files will not be written under /srv/*, because the symbolic link destination /mnt/sdb1/* will not exist. This prevents disk sync operations from writing to the root partition in the event a drive is unmounted.

Common Post-Device Setup

Add the following lines to /etc/rc.local (before the exit 0):

mkdir -p /var/cache/swift /var/cache/swift2 /var/cache/swift3 /var/cache/swift4
chown <your-user-name>:<your-group-name> /var/cache/swift*
mkdir -p /var/run/swift
chown <your-user-name>:<your-group-name> /var/run/swift

Note that on some systems you might have to create /etc/rc.local.

On Fedora 19 or later, you need to place these in /etc/rc.d/rc.local.

Getting the code

  1. Check out the python-swiftclient repo:

    cd $HOME; git clone https://github.com/openstack/python-swiftclient.git
    
  2. Build a development installation of python-swiftclient:

    cd $HOME/python-swiftclient; sudo python setup.py develop; cd -
    

    Ubuntu 12.04 users need to install python-swiftclient’s dependencies before the installation of python-swiftclient. This is due to a bug in an older version of setup tools:

    cd $HOME/python-swiftclient; sudo pip install -r requirements.txt; sudo python setup.py develop; cd -
    
  3. Check out the swift repo:

    git clone https://github.com/openstack/swift.git
    
  4. Build a development installation of swift:

    cd $HOME/swift; sudo pip install -r requirements.txt; sudo python setup.py develop; cd -
    

    Fedora 19 or later users might have to perform the following if development installation of swift fails:

    sudo pip install -U xattr
    
  5. Install swift’s test dependencies:

    cd $HOME/swift; sudo pip install -r test-requirements.txt
    

Setting up rsync

  1. Create /etc/rsyncd.conf:

    sudo cp $HOME/swift/doc/saio/rsyncd.conf /etc/
    sudo sed -i "s/<your-user-name>/${USER}/" /etc/rsyncd.conf
    

    Here is the default rsyncd.conf file contents maintained in the repo that is copied and fixed up above:

    uid = <your-user-name>
    gid = <your-user-name>
    log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
    pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
    address = 127.0.0.1
    
    [account6012]
    max connections = 25
    path = /srv/1/node/
    read only = false
    lock file = /var/lock/account6012.lock
    
    [account6022]
    max connections = 25
    path = /srv/2/node/
    read only = false
    lock file = /var/lock/account6022.lock
    
    [account6032]
    max connections = 25
    path = /srv/3/node/
    read only = false
    lock file = /var/lock/account6032.lock
    
    [account6042]
    max connections = 25
    path = /srv/4/node/
    read only = false
    lock file = /var/lock/account6042.lock
    
    [container6011]
    max connections = 25
    path = /srv/1/node/
    read only = false
    lock file = /var/lock/container6011.lock
    
    [container6021]
    max connections = 25
    path = /srv/2/node/
    read only = false
    lock file = /var/lock/container6021.lock
    
    [container6031]
    max connections = 25
    path = /srv/3/node/
    read only = false
    lock file = /var/lock/container6031.lock
    
    [container6041]
    max connections = 25
    path = /srv/4/node/
    read only = false
    lock file = /var/lock/container6041.lock
    
    [object6010]
    max connections = 25
    path = /srv/1/node/
    read only = false
    lock file = /var/lock/object6010.lock
    
    [object6020]
    max connections = 25
    path = /srv/2/node/
    read only = false
    lock file = /var/lock/object6020.lock
    
    [object6030]
    max connections = 25
    path = /srv/3/node/
    read only = false
    lock file = /var/lock/object6030.lock
    
    [object6040]
    max connections = 25
    path = /srv/4/node/
    read only = false
    lock file = /var/lock/object6040.lock
    
  2. On Ubuntu, edit the following line in /etc/default/rsync:

    RSYNC_ENABLE=true
    

    On Fedora, edit the following line in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync:

    disable = no
    

    One might have to create the above files to perform the edits.

  3. On platforms with SELinux in Enforcing mode, either set to Permissive:

    sudo setenforce Permissive
    

    Or just allow rsync full access:

    sudo setsebool -P rsync_full_access 1
    
  4. Start the rsync daemon

    • On Ubuntu, run:

      sudo service rsync restart
      
    • On Fedora, run:

      sudo systemctl restart xinetd.service
      sudo systemctl enable rsyncd.service
      sudo systemctl start rsyncd.service
      
    • On other xinetd based systems simply run:

      sudo service xinetd restart
      
  5. Verify rsync is accepting connections for all servers:

    rsync rsync://pub@localhost/
    

    You should see the following output from the above command:

    account6012
    account6022
    account6032
    account6042
    container6011
    container6021
    container6031
    container6041
    object6010
    object6020
    object6030
    object6040
    

Starting memcached

On non-Ubuntu distros you need to ensure memcached is running:

sudo service memcached start
sudo chkconfig memcached on

or:

sudo systemctl enable memcached.service
sudo systemctl start memcached.service

The tempauth middleware stores tokens in memcached. If memcached is not running, tokens cannot be validated, and accessing Swift becomes impossible.

Optional: Setting up rsyslog for individual logging

  1. Install the swift rsyslogd configuration:

    sudo cp $HOME/swift/doc/saio/rsyslog.d/10-swift.conf /etc/rsyslog.d/
    

    Be sure to review that conf file to determine if you want all the logs in one file vs. all the logs separated out, and if you want hourly logs for stats processing. For convenience, we provide its default contents below:

    # Uncomment the following to have a log containing all logs together
    #local1,local2,local3,local4,local5.*   /var/log/swift/all.log
    
    # Uncomment the following to have hourly proxy logs for stats processing
    #$template HourlyProxyLog,"/var/log/swift/hourly/%$YEAR%%$MONTH%%$DAY%%$HOUR%"
    #local1.*;local1.!notice ?HourlyProxyLog
    
    local1.*;local1.!notice /var/log/swift/proxy.log
    local1.notice           /var/log/swift/proxy.error
    local1.*                ~
    
    local2.*;local2.!notice /var/log/swift/storage1.log
    local2.notice           /var/log/swift/storage1.error
    local2.*                ~
    
    local3.*;local3.!notice /var/log/swift/storage2.log
    local3.notice           /var/log/swift/storage2.error
    local3.*                ~
    
    local4.*;local4.!notice /var/log/swift/storage3.log
    local4.notice           /var/log/swift/storage3.error
    local4.*                ~
    
    local5.*;local5.!notice /var/log/swift/storage4.log
    local5.notice           /var/log/swift/storage4.error
    local5.*                ~
    
    local6.*;local6.!notice /var/log/swift/expirer.log
    local6.notice           /var/log/swift/expirer.error
    local6.*                ~
    
  2. Edit /etc/rsyslog.conf and make the following change (usually in the “GLOBAL DIRECTIVES” section):

    $PrivDropToGroup adm
    
  3. If using hourly logs (see above) perform:

    sudo mkdir -p /var/log/swift/hourly
    

    Otherwise perform:

    sudo mkdir -p /var/log/swift
    
  4. Setup the logging directory and start syslog:

    • On Ubuntu:

      sudo chown -R syslog.adm /var/log/swift
      sudo chmod -R g+w /var/log/swift
      sudo service rsyslog restart
      
    • On Fedora:

      sudo chown -R root:adm /var/log/swift
      sudo chmod -R g+w /var/log/swift
      sudo systemctl restart rsyslog.service
      

Configuring each node

After performing the following steps, be sure to verify that Swift has access to resulting configuration files (sample configuration files are provided with all defaults in line-by-line comments).

  1. Optionally remove an existing swift directory:

    sudo rm -rf /etc/swift
    
  2. Populate the /etc/swift directory itself:

    cd $HOME/swift/doc; sudo cp -r saio/swift /etc/swift; cd -
    sudo chown -R ${USER}:${USER} /etc/swift
    
  3. Update <your-user-name> references in the Swift config files:

    find /etc/swift/ -name \*.conf | xargs sudo sed -i "s/<your-user-name>/${USER}/"
    

The contents of the configuration files provided by executing the above commands are as follows:

  1. /etc/swift/swift.conf

    [swift-hash]
    # random unique strings that can never change (DO NOT LOSE)
    # Use only printable chars (python -c "import string; print(string.printable)")
    swift_hash_path_prefix = changeme
    swift_hash_path_suffix = changeme
    
    [storage-policy:0]
    name = gold
    policy_type = replication
    default = yes
    
    [storage-policy:1]
    name = silver
    policy_type = replication
    
    [storage-policy:2]
    name = ec42
    policy_type = erasure_coding
    ec_type = liberasurecode_rs_vand
    ec_num_data_fragments = 4
    ec_num_parity_fragments = 2
    
  2. /etc/swift/proxy-server.conf

    [DEFAULT]
    bind_ip = 127.0.0.1
    bind_port = 8080
    workers = 1
    user = <your-user-name>
    log_facility = LOG_LOCAL1
    eventlet_debug = true
    
    [pipeline:main]
    # Yes, proxy-logging appears twice. This is so that
    # middleware-originated requests get logged too.
    pipeline = catch_errors gatekeeper healthcheck proxy-logging cache bulk tempurl ratelimit crossdomain container_sync tempauth staticweb copy container-quotas account-quotas slo dlo versioned_writes proxy-logging proxy-server
    
    [filter:catch_errors]
    use = egg:swift#catch_errors
    
    [filter:healthcheck]
    use = egg:swift#healthcheck
    
    [filter:proxy-logging]
    use = egg:swift#proxy_logging
    
    [filter:bulk]
    use = egg:swift#bulk
    
    [filter:ratelimit]
    use = egg:swift#ratelimit
    
    [filter:crossdomain]
    use = egg:swift#crossdomain
    
    [filter:dlo]
    use = egg:swift#dlo
    
    [filter:slo]
    use = egg:swift#slo
    
    [filter:container_sync]
    use = egg:swift#container_sync
    current = //saio/saio_endpoint
    
    [filter:tempurl]
    use = egg:swift#tempurl
    
    [filter:tempauth]
    use = egg:swift#tempauth
    user_admin_admin = admin .admin .reseller_admin
    user_test_tester = testing .admin
    user_test2_tester2 = testing2 .admin
    user_test_tester3 = testing3
    
    [filter:staticweb]
    use = egg:swift#staticweb
    
    [filter:account-quotas]
    use = egg:swift#account_quotas
    
    [filter:container-quotas]
    use = egg:swift#container_quotas
    
    [filter:cache]
    use = egg:swift#memcache
    
    [filter:gatekeeper]
    use = egg:swift#gatekeeper
    
    [filter:versioned_writes]
    use = egg:swift#versioned_writes
    allow_versioned_writes = true
    
    [filter:copy]
    use = egg:swift#copy
    
    [app:proxy-server]
    use = egg:swift#proxy
    allow_account_management = true
    account_autocreate = true
    
  3. /etc/swift/object-expirer.conf

    [DEFAULT]
    # swift_dir = /etc/swift
    user = <your-user-name>
    # You can specify default log routing here if you want:
    log_name = object-expirer
    log_facility = LOG_LOCAL6
    log_level = INFO
    #log_address = /dev/log
    #
    # comma separated list of functions to call to setup custom log handlers.
    # functions get passed: conf, name, log_to_console, log_route, fmt, logger,
    # adapted_logger
    # log_custom_handlers =
    #
    # If set, log_udp_host will override log_address
    # log_udp_host =
    # log_udp_port = 514
    #
    # You can enable StatsD logging here:
    # log_statsd_host =
    # log_statsd_port = 8125
    # log_statsd_default_sample_rate = 1.0
    # log_statsd_sample_rate_factor = 1.0
    # log_statsd_metric_prefix =
    
    [object-expirer]
    interval = 300
    # auto_create_account_prefix = .
    # report_interval = 300
    # concurrency is the level of concurrency o use to do the work, this value
    # must be set to at least 1
    # concurrency = 1
    # processes is how many parts to divide the work into, one part per process
    #   that will be doing the work
    # processes set 0 means that a single process will be doing all the work
    # processes can also be specified on the command line and will override the
    #   config value
    # processes = 0
    # process is which of the parts a particular process will work on
    # process can also be specified on the command line and will override the config
    #   value
    # process is "zero based", if you want to use 3 processes, you should run
    #  processes with process set to 0, 1, and 2
    # process = 0
    
    [pipeline:main]
    pipeline = catch_errors cache proxy-server
    
    [app:proxy-server]
    use = egg:swift#proxy
    # See proxy-server.conf-sample for options
    
    [filter:cache]
    use = egg:swift#memcache
    # See proxy-server.conf-sample for options
    
    [filter:catch_errors]
    use = egg:swift#catch_errors
    # See proxy-server.conf-sample for options
    
  4. /etc/swift/container-reconciler.conf

    [DEFAULT]
    # swift_dir = /etc/swift
    user = <your-user-name>
    # You can specify default log routing here if you want:
    # log_name = swift
    # log_facility = LOG_LOCAL0
    # log_level = INFO
    # log_address = /dev/log
    #
    # comma separated list of functions to call to setup custom log handlers.
    # functions get passed: conf, name, log_to_console, log_route, fmt, logger,
    # adapted_logger
    # log_custom_handlers =
    #
    # If set, log_udp_host will override log_address
    # log_udp_host =
    # log_udp_port = 514
    #
    # You can enable StatsD logging here:
    # log_statsd_host =
    # log_statsd_port = 8125
    # log_statsd_default_sample_rate = 1.0
    # log_statsd_sample_rate_factor = 1.0
    # log_statsd_metric_prefix =
    
    [container-reconciler]
    # reclaim_age = 604800
    # interval = 300
    # request_tries = 3
    
    [pipeline:main]
    pipeline = catch_errors proxy-logging cache proxy-server
    
    [app:proxy-server]
    use = egg:swift#proxy
    # See proxy-server.conf-sample for options
    
    [filter:cache]
    use = egg:swift#memcache
    # See proxy-server.conf-sample for options
    
    [filter:proxy-logging]
    use = egg:swift#proxy_logging
    
    [filter:catch_errors]
    use = egg:swift#catch_errors
    # See proxy-server.conf-sample for options
    
  5. /etc/swift/container-sync-realms.conf

    [saio]
    key = changeme
    key2 = changeme
    cluster_saio_endpoint = http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/
    
  6. /etc/swift/account-server/1.conf

    [DEFAULT]
    devices = /srv/1/node
    mount_check = false
    disable_fallocate = true
    bind_ip = 127.0.0.1
    bind_port = 6012
    workers = 1
    user = <your-user-name>
    log_facility = LOG_LOCAL2
    recon_cache_path = /var/cache/swift
    eventlet_debug = true
    
    [pipeline:main]
    pipeline = recon account-server
    
    [app:account-server]
    use = egg:swift#account
    
    [filter:recon]
    use = egg:swift#recon
    
    [account-replicator]
    rsync_module = {replication_ip}::account{replication_port}
    
    [account-auditor]
    
    [account-reaper]
    
  7. /etc/swift/container-server/1.conf

    [DEFAULT]
    devices = /srv/1/node
    mount_check = false
    disable_fallocate = true
    bind_ip = 127.0.0.1
    bind_port = 6011
    workers = 1
    user = <your-user-name>
    log_facility = LOG_LOCAL2
    recon_cache_path = /var/cache/swift
    eventlet_debug = true
    
    [pipeline:main]
    pipeline = recon container-server
    
    [app:container-server]
    use = egg:swift#container
    
    [filter:recon]
    use = egg:swift#recon
    
    [container-replicator]
    rsync_module = {replication_ip}::container{replication_port}
    
    [container-updater]
    
    [container-auditor]
    
    [container-sync]
    
  8. /etc/swift/object-server/1.conf

    [DEFAULT]
    devices = /srv/1/node
    mount_check = false
    disable_fallocate = true
    bind_ip = 127.0.0.1
    bind_port = 6010
    workers = 1
    user = <your-user-name>
    log_facility = LOG_LOCAL2
    recon_cache_path = /var/cache/swift
    eventlet_debug = true
    
    [pipeline:main]
    pipeline = recon object-server
    
    [app:object-server]
    use = egg:swift#object
    
    [filter:recon]
    use = egg:swift#recon
    
    [object-replicator]
    rsync_module = {replication_ip}::object{replication_port}
    
    [object-reconstructor]
    
    [object-updater]
    
    [object-auditor]
    
  9. /etc/swift/account-server/2.conf

    [DEFAULT]
    devices = /srv/2/node
    mount_check = false
    disable_fallocate = true
    bind_ip = 127.0.0.1
    bind_port = 6022
    workers = 1
    user = <your-user-name>
    log_facility = LOG_LOCAL3
    recon_cache_path = /var/cache/swift2
    eventlet_debug = true
    
    [pipeline:main]
    pipeline = recon account-server
    
    [app:account-server]
    use = egg:swift#account
    
    [filter:recon]
    use = egg:swift#recon
    
    [account-replicator]
    rsync_module = {replication_ip}::account{replication_port}
    
    [account-auditor]
    
    [account-reaper]
    
  10. /etc/swift/container-server/2.conf

    [DEFAULT]
    devices = /srv/2/node
    mount_check = false
    disable_fallocate = true
    bind_ip = 127.0.0.1
    bind_port = 6021
    workers = 1
    user = <your-user-name>
    log_facility = LOG_LOCAL3
    recon_cache_path = /var/cache/swift2
    eventlet_debug = true
    
    [pipeline:main]
    pipeline = recon container-server
    
    [app:container-server]
    use = egg:swift#container
    
    [filter:recon]
    use = egg:swift#recon
    
    [container-replicator]
    rsync_module = {replication_ip}::container{replication_port}
    
    [container-updater]
    
    [container-auditor]
    
    [container-sync]
    
  11. /etc/swift/object-server/2.conf

    [DEFAULT]
    devices = /srv/2/node
    mount_check = false
    disable_fallocate = true
    bind_ip = 127.0.0.1
    bind_port = 6020
    workers = 1
    user = <your-user-name>
    log_facility = LOG_LOCAL3
    recon_cache_path = /var/cache/swift2
    eventlet_debug = true
    
    [pipeline:main]
    pipeline = recon object-server
    
    [app:object-server]
    use = egg:swift#object
    
    [filter:recon]
    use = egg:swift#recon
    
    [object-replicator]
    rsync_module = {replication_ip}::object{replication_port}
    
    [object-reconstructor]
    
    [object-updater]
    
    [object-auditor]
    
  12. /etc/swift/account-server/3.conf

    [DEFAULT]
    devices = /srv/3/node
    mount_check = false
    disable_fallocate = true
    bind_ip = 127.0.0.1
    bind_port = 6032
    workers = 1
    user = <your-user-name>
    log_facility = LOG_LOCAL4
    recon_cache_path = /var/cache/swift3
    eventlet_debug = true
    
    [pipeline:main]
    pipeline = recon account-server
    
    [app:account-server]
    use = egg:swift#account
    
    [filter:recon]
    use = egg:swift#recon
    
    [account-replicator]
    rsync_module = {replication_ip}::account{replication_port}
    
    [account-auditor]
    
    [account-reaper]
    
  13. /etc/swift/container-server/3.conf

    [DEFAULT]
    devices = /srv/3/node
    mount_check = false
    disable_fallocate = true
    bind_ip = 127.0.0.1
    bind_port = 6031
    workers = 1
    user = <your-user-name>
    log_facility = LOG_LOCAL4
    recon_cache_path = /var/cache/swift3
    eventlet_debug = true
    
    [pipeline:main]
    pipeline = recon container-server
    
    [app:container-server]
    use = egg:swift#container
    
    [filter:recon]
    use = egg:swift#recon
    
    [container-replicator]
    rsync_module = {replication_ip}::container{replication_port}
    
    [container-updater]
    
    [container-auditor]
    
    [container-sync]
    
  14. /etc/swift/object-server/3.conf

    [DEFAULT]
    devices = /srv/3/node
    mount_check = false
    disable_fallocate = true
    bind_ip = 127.0.0.1
    bind_port = 6030
    workers = 1
    user = <your-user-name>
    log_facility = LOG_LOCAL4
    recon_cache_path = /var/cache/swift3
    eventlet_debug = true
    
    [pipeline:main]
    pipeline = recon object-server
    
    [app:object-server]
    use = egg:swift#object
    
    [filter:recon]
    use = egg:swift#recon
    
    [object-replicator]
    rsync_module = {replication_ip}::object{replication_port}
    
    [object-reconstructor]
    
    [object-updater]
    
    [object-auditor]
    
  15. /etc/swift/account-server/4.conf

    [DEFAULT]
    devices = /srv/4/node
    mount_check = false
    disable_fallocate = true
    bind_ip = 127.0.0.1
    bind_port = 6042
    workers = 1
    user = <your-user-name>
    log_facility = LOG_LOCAL5
    recon_cache_path = /var/cache/swift4
    eventlet_debug = true
    
    [pipeline:main]
    pipeline = recon account-server
    
    [app:account-server]
    use = egg:swift#account
    
    [filter:recon]
    use = egg:swift#recon
    
    [account-replicator]
    rsync_module = {replication_ip}::account{replication_port}
    
    [account-auditor]
    
    [account-reaper]
    
  16. /etc/swift/container-server/4.conf

    [DEFAULT]
    devices = /srv/4/node
    mount_check = false
    disable_fallocate = true
    bind_ip = 127.0.0.1
    bind_port = 6041
    workers = 1
    user = <your-user-name>
    log_facility = LOG_LOCAL5
    recon_cache_path = /var/cache/swift4
    eventlet_debug = true
    
    [pipeline:main]
    pipeline = recon container-server
    
    [app:container-server]
    use = egg:swift#container
    
    [filter:recon]
    use = egg:swift#recon
    
    [container-replicator]
    rsync_module = {replication_ip}::container{replication_port}
    
    [container-updater]
    
    [container-auditor]
    
    [container-sync]
    
  17. /etc/swift/object-server/4.conf

    [DEFAULT]
    devices = /srv/4/node
    mount_check = false
    disable_fallocate = true
    bind_ip = 127.0.0.1
    bind_port = 6040
    workers = 1
    user = <your-user-name>
    log_facility = LOG_LOCAL5
    recon_cache_path = /var/cache/swift4
    eventlet_debug = true
    
    [pipeline:main]
    pipeline = recon object-server
    
    [app:object-server]
    use = egg:swift#object
    
    [filter:recon]
    use = egg:swift#recon
    
    [object-replicator]
    rsync_module = {replication_ip}::object{replication_port}
    
    [object-reconstructor]
    
    [object-updater]
    
    [object-auditor]
    

Setting up scripts for running Swift

  1. Copy the SAIO scripts for resetting the environment:

    mkdir -p $HOME/bin
    cd $HOME/swift/doc; cp saio/bin/* $HOME/bin; cd -
    chmod +x $HOME/bin/*
    
  2. Edit the $HOME/bin/resetswift script

    The template resetswift script looks like the following:

    #!/bin/bash
    
    swift-init all stop
    # Remove the following line if you did not set up rsyslog for individual logging:
    sudo find /var/log/swift -type f -exec rm -f {} \;
    sudo umount /mnt/sdb1
    # If you are using a loopback device set SAIO_BLOCK_DEVICE to "/srv/swift-disk"
    sudo mkfs.xfs -f ${SAIO_BLOCK_DEVICE:-/dev/sdb1}
    sudo mount /mnt/sdb1
    sudo mkdir /mnt/sdb1/1 /mnt/sdb1/2 /mnt/sdb1/3 /mnt/sdb1/4
    sudo chown ${USER}:${USER} /mnt/sdb1/*
    mkdir -p /srv/1/node/sdb1 /srv/1/node/sdb5 \
             /srv/2/node/sdb2 /srv/2/node/sdb6 \
             /srv/3/node/sdb3 /srv/3/node/sdb7 \
             /srv/4/node/sdb4 /srv/4/node/sdb8
    sudo rm -f /var/log/debug /var/log/messages /var/log/rsyncd.log /var/log/syslog
    find /var/cache/swift* -type f -name *.recon -exec rm -f {} \;
    if [ "`type -t systemctl`" == "file" ]; then
        sudo systemctl restart rsyslog
        sudo systemctl restart memcached
    else
        sudo service rsyslog restart
        sudo service memcached restart
    fi
    

    If you are using a loopback device add an environment var to subsitute /dev/sdb1 with /srv/swift-disk:

    echo "export SAIO_BLOCK_DEVICE=/srv/swift-disk" >> $HOME/.bashrc
    

    If you did not set up rsyslog for individual logging, remove the find /var/log/swift... line:

    sed -i "/find \/var\/log\/swift/d" $HOME/bin/resetswift
    
  3. Install the sample configuration file for running tests:

    cp $HOME/swift/test/sample.conf /etc/swift/test.conf
    

    The template test.conf looks like the following:

    [func_test]
    # sample config for Swift with tempauth
    auth_host = 127.0.0.1
    auth_port = 8080
    auth_ssl = no
    auth_prefix = /auth/
    ## sample config for Swift with Keystone v2 API
    # For keystone v2 change auth_version to 2 and auth_prefix to /v2.0/
    # And "allow_account_management" should not be set "true"
    #auth_version = 3
    #auth_host = localhost
    #auth_port = 5000
    #auth_ssl = no
    #auth_prefix = /v3/
    
    # Primary functional test account (needs admin access to the account)
    account = test
    username = tester
    password = testing
    
    # User on a second account (needs admin access to the account)
    account2 = test2
    username2 = tester2
    password2 = testing2
    
    # User on same account as first, but without admin access
    username3 = tester3
    password3 = testing3
    
    # Fourth user is required for keystone v3 specific tests.
    # Account must be in a non-default domain.
    #account4 = test4
    #username4 = tester4
    #password4 = testing4
    #domain4 = test-domain
    
    # Fifth user is required for service token-specific tests.
    # The account must be different than the primary test account
    # The user must not have a group (tempauth) or role (keystoneauth) on
    # the primary test account. The user must have a group/role that is unique
    # and not given to the primary tester and is specified in the options
    # <prefix>_require_group (tempauth) or <prefix>_service_roles (keystoneauth).
    #account5 = test5
    #username5 = tester5
    #password5 = testing5
    
    # The service_prefix option is used for service token-specific tests.
    # If service_prefix or username5 above is not supplied, the tests are skipped.
    # To set the value and enable the service token tests, look at the
    # reseller_prefix option in /etc/swift/proxy-server.conf. There must be at
    # least two prefixes. If not, add a prefix as follows (where we add SERVICE):
    #     reseller_prefix = AUTH, SERVICE
    # The service_prefix must match the <prefix> used in <prefix>_require_group
    # (tempauth) or <prefix>_service_roles (keystoneauth); for example:
    #    SERVICE_require_group = service
    #    SERVICE_service_roles = service
    # Note: Do not enable service token tests if the first prefix in
    # reseller_prefix is the empty prefix AND the primary functional test
    # account contains an underscore.
    #service_prefix = SERVICE
    
    # Sixth user is required for access control tests.
    # Account must have a role for reseller_admin_role(keystoneauth).
    #account6 = test
    #username6 = tester6
    #password6 = testing6
    
    collate = C
    
    # Only necessary if a pre-existing server uses self-signed certificate
    insecure = no
    
    [unit_test]
    fake_syslog = False
    
    [probe_test]
    # check_server_timeout = 30
    # validate_rsync = false
    
    [swift-constraints]
    # The functional test runner will try to use the constraint values provided in
    # the swift-constraints section of test.conf.
    #
    # If a constraint value does not exist in that section, or because the
    # swift-constraints section does not exist, the constraints values found in
    # the /info API call (if successful) will be used.
    #
    # If a constraint value cannot be found in the /info results, either because
    # the /info API call failed, or a value is not present, the constraint value
    # used will fall back to those loaded by the constraints module at time of
    # import (which will attempt to load /etc/swift/swift.conf, see the
    # swift.common.constraints module for more information).
    #
    # Note that the cluster must have "sane" values for the test suite to pass
    # (for some definition of sane).
    #
    #max_file_size = 5368709122
    #max_meta_name_length = 128
    #max_meta_value_length = 256
    #max_meta_count = 90
    #max_meta_overall_size = 4096
    #max_header_size = 8192
    #extra_header_count = 0
    #max_object_name_length = 1024
    #container_listing_limit = 10000
    #account_listing_limit = 10000
    #max_account_name_length = 256
    #max_container_name_length = 256
    
    # Newer swift versions default to strict cors mode, but older ones were the
    # opposite.
    #strict_cors_mode = true
    
  4. Add an environment variable for running tests below:

    echo "export SWIFT_TEST_CONFIG_FILE=/etc/swift/test.conf" >> $HOME/.bashrc
    
  5. Be sure that your PATH includes the bin directory:

    echo "export PATH=${PATH}:$HOME/bin" >> $HOME/.bashrc
    
  6. Source the above environment variables into your current environment:

    . $HOME/.bashrc
    
  7. Construct the initial rings using the provided script:

    remakerings
    

    The remakerings script looks like the following:

    #!/bin/bash
    
    cd /etc/swift
    
    rm -f *.builder *.ring.gz backups/*.builder backups/*.ring.gz
    
    swift-ring-builder object.builder create 10 3 1
    swift-ring-builder object.builder add r1z1-127.0.0.1:6010/sdb1 1
    swift-ring-builder object.builder add r1z2-127.0.0.1:6020/sdb2 1
    swift-ring-builder object.builder add r1z3-127.0.0.1:6030/sdb3 1
    swift-ring-builder object.builder add r1z4-127.0.0.1:6040/sdb4 1
    swift-ring-builder object.builder rebalance
    swift-ring-builder object-1.builder create 10 2 1
    swift-ring-builder object-1.builder add r1z1-127.0.0.1:6010/sdb1 1
    swift-ring-builder object-1.builder add r1z2-127.0.0.1:6020/sdb2 1
    swift-ring-builder object-1.builder add r1z3-127.0.0.1:6030/sdb3 1
    swift-ring-builder object-1.builder add r1z4-127.0.0.1:6040/sdb4 1
    swift-ring-builder object-1.builder rebalance
    swift-ring-builder object-2.builder create 10 6 1
    swift-ring-builder object-2.builder add r1z1-127.0.0.1:6010/sdb1 1
    swift-ring-builder object-2.builder add r1z1-127.0.0.1:6010/sdb5 1
    swift-ring-builder object-2.builder add r1z2-127.0.0.1:6020/sdb2 1
    swift-ring-builder object-2.builder add r1z2-127.0.0.1:6020/sdb6 1
    swift-ring-builder object-2.builder add r1z3-127.0.0.1:6030/sdb3 1
    swift-ring-builder object-2.builder add r1z3-127.0.0.1:6030/sdb7 1
    swift-ring-builder object-2.builder add r1z4-127.0.0.1:6040/sdb4 1
    swift-ring-builder object-2.builder add r1z4-127.0.0.1:6040/sdb8 1
    swift-ring-builder object-2.builder rebalance
    swift-ring-builder container.builder create 10 3 1
    swift-ring-builder container.builder add r1z1-127.0.0.1:6011/sdb1 1
    swift-ring-builder container.builder add r1z2-127.0.0.1:6021/sdb2 1
    swift-ring-builder container.builder add r1z3-127.0.0.1:6031/sdb3 1
    swift-ring-builder container.builder add r1z4-127.0.0.1:6041/sdb4 1
    swift-ring-builder container.builder rebalance
    swift-ring-builder account.builder create 10 3 1
    swift-ring-builder account.builder add r1z1-127.0.0.1:6012/sdb1 1
    swift-ring-builder account.builder add r1z2-127.0.0.1:6022/sdb2 1
    swift-ring-builder account.builder add r1z3-127.0.0.1:6032/sdb3 1
    swift-ring-builder account.builder add r1z4-127.0.0.1:6042/sdb4 1
    swift-ring-builder account.builder rebalance
    

    You can expect the output from this command to produce the following. Note that 3 object rings are created in order to test storage policies and EC in the SAIO environment. The EC ring is the only one with all 8 devices. There are also two replication rings, one for 3x replication and another for 2x replication, but those rings only use 4 devices:

    Device d0r1z1-127.0.0.1:6010R127.0.0.1:6010/sdb1_"" with 1.0 weight got id 0
    Device d1r1z2-127.0.0.1:6020R127.0.0.1:6020/sdb2_"" with 1.0 weight got id 1
    Device d2r1z3-127.0.0.1:6030R127.0.0.1:6030/sdb3_"" with 1.0 weight got id 2
    Device d3r1z4-127.0.0.1:6040R127.0.0.1:6040/sdb4_"" with 1.0 weight got id 3
    Reassigned 1024 (100.00%) partitions. Balance is now 0.00.  Dispersion is now 0.00
    Device d0r1z1-127.0.0.1:6010R127.0.0.1:6010/sdb1_"" with 1.0 weight got id 0
    Device d1r1z2-127.0.0.1:6020R127.0.0.1:6020/sdb2_"" with 1.0 weight got id 1
    Device d2r1z3-127.0.0.1:6030R127.0.0.1:6030/sdb3_"" with 1.0 weight got id 2
    Device d3r1z4-127.0.0.1:6040R127.0.0.1:6040/sdb4_"" with 1.0 weight got id 3
    Reassigned 1024 (100.00%) partitions. Balance is now 0.00.  Dispersion is now 0.00
    Device d0r1z1-127.0.0.1:6010R127.0.0.1:6010/sdb1_"" with 1.0 weight got id 0
    Device d1r1z1-127.0.0.1:6010R127.0.0.1:6010/sdb5_"" with 1.0 weight got id 1
    Device d2r1z2-127.0.0.1:6020R127.0.0.1:6020/sdb2_"" with 1.0 weight got id 2
    Device d3r1z2-127.0.0.1:6020R127.0.0.1:6020/sdb6_"" with 1.0 weight got id 3
    Device d4r1z3-127.0.0.1:6030R127.0.0.1:6030/sdb3_"" with 1.0 weight got id 4
    Device d5r1z3-127.0.0.1:6030R127.0.0.1:6030/sdb7_"" with 1.0 weight got id 5
    Device d6r1z4-127.0.0.1:6040R127.0.0.1:6040/sdb4_"" with 1.0 weight got id 6
    Device d7r1z4-127.0.0.1:6040R127.0.0.1:6040/sdb8_"" with 1.0 weight got id 7
    Reassigned 1024 (100.00%) partitions. Balance is now 0.00.  Dispersion is now 0.00
    Device d0r1z1-127.0.0.1:6011R127.0.0.1:6011/sdb1_"" with 1.0 weight got id 0
    Device d1r1z2-127.0.0.1:6021R127.0.0.1:6021/sdb2_"" with 1.0 weight got id 1
    Device d2r1z3-127.0.0.1:6031R127.0.0.1:6031/sdb3_"" with 1.0 weight got id 2
    Device d3r1z4-127.0.0.1:6041R127.0.0.1:6041/sdb4_"" with 1.0 weight got id 3
    Reassigned 1024 (100.00%) partitions. Balance is now 0.00.  Dispersion is now 0.00
    Device d0r1z1-127.0.0.1:6012R127.0.0.1:6012/sdb1_"" with 1.0 weight got id 0
    Device d1r1z2-127.0.0.1:6022R127.0.0.1:6022/sdb2_"" with 1.0 weight got id 1
    Device d2r1z3-127.0.0.1:6032R127.0.0.1:6032/sdb3_"" with 1.0 weight got id 2
    Device d3r1z4-127.0.0.1:6042R127.0.0.1:6042/sdb4_"" with 1.0 weight got id 3
    Reassigned 1024 (100.00%) partitions. Balance is now 0.00.  Dispersion is now 0.00
    
  8. Read more about Storage Policies and your SAIO Adding Storage Policies to an Existing SAIO

  9. Verify the unit tests run:

    $HOME/swift/.unittests
    

    Note that the unit tests do not require any swift daemons running.

  10. Start the “main” Swift daemon processes (proxy, account, container, and object):

    startmain
    

    (The “Unable to increase file descriptor limit.  Running as non-root?” warnings are expected and ok.)

    The startmain script looks like the following:

    #!/bin/bash
    
    swift-init main start
    
  11. Get an X-Storage-Url and X-Auth-Token:

    curl -v -H 'X-Storage-User: test:tester' -H 'X-Storage-Pass: testing' http://127.0.0.1:8080/auth/v1.0
    
  12. Check that you can GET account:

    curl -v -H 'X-Auth-Token: <token-from-x-auth-token-above>' <url-from-x-storage-url-above>
    
  13. Check that swift command provided by the python-swiftclient package works:

    swift -A http://127.0.0.1:8080/auth/v1.0 -U test:tester -K testing stat
    
  14. Verify the functional tests run:

    $HOME/swift/.functests
    

    (Note: functional tests will first delete everything in the configured accounts.)

  15. Verify the probe tests run:

    $HOME/swift/.probetests
    

    (Note: probe tests will reset your environment as they call resetswift for each test.)

Debugging Issues

If all doesn’t go as planned, and tests fail, or you can’t auth, or something doesn’t work, here are some good starting places to look for issues:

  1. Everything is logged using system facilities – usually in /var/log/syslog, but possibly in /var/log/messages on e.g. Fedora – so that is a good first place to look for errors (most likely python tracebacks).
  2. Make sure all of the server processes are running. For the base functionality, the Proxy, Account, Container, and Object servers should be running.
  3. If one of the servers are not running, and no errors are logged to syslog, it may be useful to try to start the server manually, for example: swift-object-server /etc/swift/object-server/1.conf will start the object server. If there are problems not showing up in syslog, then you will likely see the traceback on startup.
  4. If you need to, you can turn off syslog for unit tests. This can be useful for environments where /dev/log is unavailable, or which cannot rate limit (unit tests generate a lot of logs very quickly). Open the file SWIFT_TEST_CONFIG_FILE points to, and change the value of fake_syslog to True.
  5. If you encounter a 401 Unauthorized when following Step 12 where you check that you can GET account, use sudo service memcached status and check if memcache is running. If memcache is not running, start it using sudo service memcached start. Once memcache is running, rerun GET account.

Known Issues

Listed here are some “gotcha’s” that you may run into when using or testing your SAIO:

  1. fallocate_reserve - in most cases a SAIO doesn’t have a very large XFS partition so having fallocate enabled and fallocate_reserve set can cause issues, specifically when trying to run the functional tests. For this reason fallocate has been turned off on the object-servers in the SAIO. If you want to play with the fallocate_reserve settings then know that functional tests will fail unless you change the max_file_size constraint to something more reasonable then the default (5G). Ideally you’d make it 1/4 of your XFS file system size so the tests can pass.