Network Configuration

Kayobe provides a flexible mechanism for configuring the networks in a system. Kayobe networks are assigned a name which is used as a prefix for variables that define the network’s attributes. For example, to configure the cidr attribute of a network named arpanet, we would use a variable named arpanet_cidr.

Global Network Configuration

Global network configuration is stored in ${KAYOBE_CONFIG_PATH}/networks.yml. The following attributes are supported:

cidr
CIDR representation (<IP>/<prefix length>) of the network’s IP subnet.
allocation_pool_start
IP address of the start of Kayobe’s allocation pool range.
allocation_pool_end
IP address of the end of Kayobe’s allocation pool range.
inspection_allocation_pool_start
IP address of the start of ironic inspector’s allocation pool range.
inspection_allocation_pool_end
IP address of the end of ironic inspector’s allocation pool range.
neutron_allocation_pool_start
IP address of the start of neutron’s allocation pool range.
neutron_allocation_pool_end
IP address of the end of neutron’s allocation pool range.
gateway
IP address of the network’s default gateway.
inspection_gateway
IP address of the gateway for the hardware introspection network.
neutron_gateway
IP address of the gateway for a neutron subnet based on this network.
vlan
VLAN ID.
mtu
Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU).
vip_address
Virtual IP address (VIP) used by API services on this network.
fqdn
Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) used by API services on this network.
routes
List of static IP routes. Each item should be a dict containing the item cidr, and optionally gateway and table. cidr is the CIDR representation of the route’s destination. gateway is the IP address of the next hop. table is the name or ID of a routing table to which the route will be added.
rules
List of IP routing rules. Each item should be an iproute2 IP routing rule.
physical_network
Name of the physical network on which this network exists. This aligns with the physical network concept in neutron.
libvirt_network_name
A name to give to a Libvirt network representing this network on the seed hypervisor.

Configuring an IP Subnet

An IP subnet may be configured by setting the cidr attribute for a network to the CIDR representation of the subnet.

To configure a network called example with the 10.0.0.0/24 IP subnet:

networks.yml
example_cidr: 10.0.0.0/24

Configuring an IP Gateway

An IP gateway may be configured by setting the gateway attribute for a network to the IP address of the gateway.

To configure a network called example with a gateway at 10.0.0.1:

networks.yml
example_gateway: 10.0.0.1

This gateway will be configured on all hosts to which the network is mapped. Note that configuring multiple IP gateways on a single host will lead to unpredictable results.

Configuring an API Virtual IP Address

A virtual IP (VIP) address may be configured for use by Kolla Ansible on the internal and external networks, on which the API services will be exposed. The variable will be passed through to the kolla_internal_vip_address or kolla_external_vip_address Kolla Ansible variable.

To configure a network called example with a VIP at 10.0.0.2:

networks.yml
example_vip_address: 10.0.0.2

Configuring an API Fully Qualified Domain Name

A Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) may be configured for use by Kolla Ansible on the internal and external networks, on which the API services will be exposed. The variable will be passed through to the kolla_internal_fqdn or kolla_external_fqdn Kolla Ansible variable.

To configure a network called example with an FQDN at api.example.com:

networks.yml
example_fqdn: api.example.com

Configuring Static IP Routes

Static IP routes may be configured by setting the routes attribute for a network to a list of routes.

To configure a network called example with a single IP route to the 10.1.0.0/24 subnet via 10.0.0.1:

networks.yml
example_routes:
  - cidr: 10.1.0.0/24
    gateway: 10.0.0.1

These routes will be configured on all hosts to which the network is mapped.

Configuring a VLAN

A VLAN network may be configured by setting the vlan attribute for a network to the ID of the VLAN.

To configure a network called example with VLAN ID 123:

networks.yml
example_vlan: 123

IP Address Allocation

IP addresses are allocated automatically by Kayobe from the allocation pool defined by allocation_pool_start and allocation_pool_end. If these variables are undefined, the entire network is used, except for network and broadcast addresses. IP addresses are only allocated if the network cidr is set and DHCP is not used (see bootproto in Per-host Network Configuration). The allocated addresses are stored in ${KAYOBE_CONFIG_PATH}/network-allocation.yml using the global per-network attribute ips which maps Ansible inventory hostnames to allocated IPs.

If static IP address allocation is required, the IP allocation file network-allocation.yml may be manually populated with the required addresses.

Configuring Dynamic IP Address Allocation

To configure a network called example with the 10.0.0.0/24 IP subnet and an allocation pool spanning from 10.0.0.4 to 10.0.0.254:

networks.yml
example_cidr: 10.0.0.0/24
example_allocation_pool_start: 10.0.0.4
example_allocation_pool_end: 10.0.0.254

Note

This pool should not overlap with an inspection or neutron allocation pool on the same network.

Configuring Static IP Address Allocation

To configure a network called example with statically allocated IP addresses for hosts host1 and host2:

network-allocation.yml
example_ips:
  host1: 10.0.0.1
  host2: 10.0.0.2

Advanced: Policy-Based Routing

Policy-based routing can be useful in complex networking environments, particularly where asymmetric routes exist, and strict reverse path filtering is enabled.

Configuring IP Routing Tables

Custom IP routing tables may be configured by setting the global variable network_route_tables in ${KAYOBE_CONFIG_PATH}/networks.yml to a list of route tables. These route tables will be added to /etc/iproute2/rt_tables.

To configure a routing table called exampleroutetable with ID 1:

networks.yml
network_route_tables:
  - name: exampleroutetable
    id: 1

To configure route tables on specific hosts, use a host or group variables file.

Configuring IP Routing Policy Rules

IP routing policy rules may be configured by setting the rules attribute for a network to a list of rules. The format of a rule is the string which would be appended to ip rule <add|del> to create or delete the rule.

To configure a network called example with an IP routing policy rule to handle traffic from the subnet 10.1.0.0/24 using the routing table exampleroutetable:

networks.yml
example_rules:
  - from 10.1.0.0/24 table exampleroutetable

These rules will be configured on all hosts to which the network is mapped.

Configuring IP Routes on Specific Tables

A route may be added to a specific routing table by adding the name or ID of the table to a table attribute of the route:

To configure a network called example with a default route and a ‘connected’ (local subnet) route to the subnet 10.1.0.0/24 on the table exampleroutetable:

networks.yml
example_routes:
  - cidr: 0.0.0.0/0
    gateway 10.1.0.1
    table: exampleroutetable
  - cidr: 10.1.0.0/24
    table: exampleroutetable

Per-host Network Configuration

Some network attributes are specific to a host’s role in the system, and these are stored in ${KAYOBE_CONFIG_PATH}/inventory/group_vars/<group>/network-interfaces. The following attributes are supported:

interface
The name of the network interface attached to the network.
bootproto
Boot protocol for the interface. Valid values are static and dhcp. The default is static. When set to dhcp, an external DHCP server must be provided.
defroute
Whether to set the interface as the default route. This attribute can be used to disable configuration of the default gateway by a specific interface. This is particularly useful to ignore a gateway address provided via DHCP. Should be set to a boolean value. The default is unset. This attribute is only supported on distributions of the Red Hat family.
bridge_ports
For bridge interfaces, a list of names of network interfaces to add to the bridge.
bond_mode
For bond interfaces, the bond’s mode, e.g. 802.3ad.
bond_slaves
For bond interfaces, a list of names of network interfaces to act as slaves for the bond.
bond_miimon
For bond interfaces, the time in milliseconds between MII link monitoring.
bond_updelay
For bond interfaces, the time in milliseconds to wait before declaring an interface up (should be multiple of bond_miimon).
bond_downdelay
For bond interfaces, the time in milliseconds to wait before declaring an interface down (should be multiple of bond_miimon).
bond_xmit_hash_policy
For bond interfaces, the xmit_hash_policy to use for the bond.
bond_lacp_rate
For bond interfaces, the lacp_rate to use for the bond.

IP Addresses

An interface will be assigned an IP address if the associated network has a cidr attribute. The IP address will be assigned from the range defined by the allocation_pool_start and allocation_pool_end attributes, if one has not been statically assigned in network-allocation.yml.

Configuring Ethernet Interfaces

An Ethernet interface may be configured by setting the interface attribute for a network to the name of the Ethernet interface.

To configure a network called example with an Ethernet interface on eth0:

inventory/group_vars/<group>/network-interfaces
example_interface: eth0

Configuring Bridge Interfaces

A Linux bridge interface may be configured by setting the interface attribute of a network to the name of the bridge interface, and the bridge_ports attribute to a list of interfaces which will be added as member ports on the bridge.

To configure a network called example with a bridge interface on breth1, and a single port eth1:

inventory/group_vars/<group>/network-interfaces
example_interface: breth1
example_bridge_ports:
  - eth1

Bridge member ports may be Ethernet interfaces, bond interfaces, or VLAN interfaces. In the case of bond interfaces, the bond must be configured separately in addition to the bridge, as a different named network. In the case of VLAN interfaces, the underlying Ethernet interface must be configured separately in addition to the bridge, as a different named network.

Configuring Bond Interfaces

A bonded interface may be configured by setting the interface attribute of a network to the name of the bond’s master interface, and the bond_slaves attribute to a list of interfaces which will be added as slaves to the master.

To configure a network called example with a bond with master interface bond0 and two slaves eth0 and eth1:

inventory/group_vars/<group>/network-interfaces
example_interface: bond0
example_bond_slaves:
  - eth0
  - eth1

Optionally, the bond mode and MII monitoring interval may also be configured:

inventory/group_vars/<group>/network-interfaces
example_bond_mode: 802.3ad
example_bond_miimon: 100

Bond slaves may be Ethernet interfaces, or VLAN interfaces. In the case of VLAN interfaces, underlying Ethernet interface must be configured separately in addition to the bond, as a different named network.

Configuring VLAN Interfaces

A VLAN interface may be configured by setting the interface attribute of a network to the name of the VLAN interface. The interface name must be of the form <parent interface>.<VLAN ID>.

To configure a network called example with a VLAN interface with a parent interface of eth2 for VLAN 123:

inventory/group_vars/<group>/network-interfaces
example_interface: eth2.123

To keep the configuration DRY, reference the network’s vlan attribute:

inventory/group_vars/<group>/network-interfaces
example_interface: "eth2.{{ example_vlan }}"

Ethernet interfaces, bridges, and bond master interfaces may all be parents to a VLAN interface.

Bridges and VLANs

Adding a VLAN interface to a bridge directly will allow tagged traffic for that VLAN to be forwarded by the bridge, whereas adding a VLAN interface to an Ethernet or bond interface that is a bridge member port will prevent tagged traffic for that VLAN being forwarded by the bridge.

Domain Name Service (DNS) Resolver Configuration

Kayobe supports configuration of hosts’ DNS resolver via resolv.conf. DNS configuration should be added to dns.yml. For example:

dns.yml
resolv_nameservers:
  - 8.8.8.8
  - 8.8.4.4
resolv_domain: example.com
resolv_search:
  - kayobe.example.com

It is also possible to prevent kayobe from modifying resolv.conf by setting resolv_is_managed to false.

Network Role Configuration

In order to provide flexibility in the system’s network topology, Kayobe maps the named networks to logical network roles. A single named network may perform multiple roles, or even none at all. The available roles are:

Overcloud admin network (admin_oc_net_name)
Name of the network used to access the overcloud for admin purposes, e.g for remote SSH access.
Overcloud out-of-band network (oob_oc_net_name)
Name of the network used by the seed to access the out-of-band management controllers of the bare metal overcloud hosts.
Overcloud provisioning network (provision_oc_net_name)
Name of the network used by the seed to provision the bare metal overcloud hosts.
Workload out-of-band network (oob_wl_net_name)
Name of the network used by the overcloud hosts to access the out-of-band management controllers of the bare metal workload hosts.
Workload provisioning network (provision_wl_net_name)
Name of the network used by the overcloud hosts to provision the bare metal workload hosts.
Workload cleaning network (cleaning_net_name)
Name of the network used by the overcloud hosts to clean the baremetal workload hosts.
Internal network (internal_net_name)
Name of the network used to expose the internal OpenStack API endpoints.
Public network (public_net_name)
Name of the network used to expose the public OpenStack API endpoints.
Tunnel network (tunnel_net_name)
Name of the network used by Neutron to carry tenant overlay network traffic.
External networks (external_net_names, deprecated: external_net_name)
List of names of networks used to provide external network access via Neutron. If external_net_name is defined, external_net_names defaults to a list containing only that network.
Storage network (storage_net_name)
Name of the network used to carry storage data traffic.
Storage management network (storage_mgmt_net_name)
Name of the network used to carry storage management traffic.
Workload inspection network (inspection_net_name)
Name of the network used to perform hardware introspection on the bare metal workload hosts.

These roles are configured in ${KAYOBE_CONFIG_PATH}/networks.yml.

Configuring Network Roles

To configure network roles in a system with two networks, example1 and example2:

networks.yml
admin_oc_net_name: example1
oob_oc_net_name: example1
provision_oc_net_name: example1
oob_wl_net_name: example1
provision_wl_net_name: example2
internal_net_name: example2
public_net_name: example2
tunnel_net_name: example2
external_net_name: example2
storage_net_name: example2
storage_mgmt_net_name: example2
inspection_net_name: example2
cleaning_net_name: example2

Overcloud Admin Network

The admin network is intended to be used for remote access to the overcloud hosts. Kayobe will use the address assigned to the host on this network as the ansible_host when executing playbooks. It is therefore a necessary requirement to configure this network.

By default Kayobe will use the overcloud provisioning network as the admin network. It is, however, possible to configure a separate network. To do so, you should override admin_oc_net_name in your networking configuration.

If a separate network is configured, the following requirements should be taken into consideration:

  • The admin network must be configured to use the same physical network interface as the provisioning network. This is because the PXE MAC address is used to lookup the interface for the cloud-init network configuration that occurs during bifrost provisioning of the overcloud.
  • If the admin network is configured as a tagged VLAN, you must configure Kayobe to upgrade cloud-init. This is a temporary workaround for a bug in the current version of cloud-init shipped with CentOS 7.5. Please see Workaround VLAN cloud-init issue for more details.

Overcloud Provisioning Network

If using a seed to inspect the bare metal overcloud hosts, it is necessary to define a DHCP allocation pool for the seed’s ironic inspector DHCP server using the inspection_allocation_pool_start and inspection_allocation_pool_end attributes of the overcloud provisioning network.

Note

This example assumes that the example network is mapped to provision_oc_net_name.

To configure a network called example with an inspection allocation pool:

example_inspection_allocation_pool_start: 10.0.0.128
example_inspection_allocation_pool_end: 10.0.0.254

Note

This pool should not overlap with a kayobe allocation pool on the same network.

Workload Cleaning Network

A separate cleaning network, which is used by the overcloud to clean baremetal workload (compute) hosts, may optionally be specified. Otherwise, the Workload Provisoning network is used. It is necessary to define an IP allocation pool for neutron using the neutron_allocation_pool_start and neutron_allocation_pool_end attributes of the cleaning network. This controls the IP addresses that are assigned to workload hosts during cleaning.

Note

This example assumes that the example network is mapped to cleaning_net_name.

To configure a network called example with a neutron provisioning allocation pool:

example_neutron_allocation_pool_start: 10.0.1.128
example_neutron_allocation_pool_end: 10.0.1.195

Note

This pool should not overlap with a kayobe or inspection allocation pool on the same network.

Workload Provisioning Network

If using the overcloud to provision bare metal workload (compute) hosts, it is necessary to define an IP allocation pool for the overcloud’s neutron provisioning network using the neutron_allocation_pool_start and neutron_allocation_pool_end attributes of the workload provisioning network.

Note

This example assumes that the example network is mapped to provision_wl_net_name.

To configure a network called example with a neutron provisioning allocation pool:

example_neutron_allocation_pool_start: 10.0.1.128
example_neutron_allocation_pool_end: 10.0.1.195

Note

This pool should not overlap with a kayobe or inspection allocation pool on the same network.

Workload Inspection Network

If using the overcloud to inspect bare metal workload (compute) hosts, it is necessary to define a DHCP allocation pool for the overcloud’s ironic inspector DHCP server using the inspection_allocation_pool_start and inspection_allocation_pool_end attributes of the workload provisioning network.

Note

This example assumes that the example network is mapped to provision_wl_net_name.

To configure a network called example with an inspection allocation pool:

example_inspection_allocation_pool_start: 10.0.1.196
example_inspection_allocation_pool_end: 10.0.1.254

Note

This pool should not overlap with a kayobe or neutron allocation pool on the same network.

Neutron Networking

Note

This assumes the use of the neutron openvswitch ML2 mechanism driver for control plane networking.

Certain modes of operation of neutron require layer 2 access to physical networks in the system. Hosts in the network group (by default, this is the same as the controllers group) run the neutron networking services (Open vSwitch agent, DHCP agent, L3 agent, metadata agent, etc.).

The kayobe network configuration must ensure that the neutron Open vSwitch bridges on the network hosts have access to the external network. If bare metal compute nodes are in use, then they must also have access to the workload provisioning network. This can be done by ensuring that the external and workload provisioning network interfaces are bridges. Kayobe will ensure connectivity between these Linux bridges and the neutron Open vSwitch bridges via a virtual Ethernet pair. See Configuring Bridge Interfaces.

Network to Host Mapping

Networks are mapped to hosts using the variable network_interfaces. Kayobe’s playbook group variables define some sensible defaults for this variable for hosts in the top level standard groups. These defaults are set using the network roles typically required by the group.

Seed

By default, the seed is attached to the following networks:

  • overcloud admin network
  • overcloud out-of-band network
  • overcloud provisioning network

This list may be extended by setting seed_extra_network_interfaces to a list of names of additional networks to attach. Alternatively, the list may be completely overridden by setting seed_network_interfaces. These variables are found in ${KAYOBE_CONFIG_PATH}/seed.yml.

Seed Hypervisor

By default, the seed hypervisor is attached to the same networks as the seed.

This list may be extended by setting seed_hypervisor_extra_network_interfaces to a list of names of additional networks to attach. Alternatively, the list may be completely overridden by setting seed_hypervisor_network_interfaces. These variables are found in ${KAYOBE_CONFIG_PATH}/seed-hypervisor.yml.

Controllers

By default, controllers are attached to the following networks:

  • overcloud admin network
  • workload (compute) out-of-band network
  • workload (compute) provisioning network
  • workload (compute) inspection network
  • workload (compute) cleaning network
  • internal network
  • storage network
  • storage management network

In addition, if the controllers are also in the network group, they are attached to the following networks:

  • public network
  • external network
  • tunnel network

This list may be extended by setting controller_extra_network_interfaces to a list of names of additional networks to attach. Alternatively, the list may be completely overridden by setting controller_network_interfaces. These variables are found in ${KAYOBE_CONFIG_PATH}/controllers.yml.

Monitoring Hosts

By default, the monitoring hosts are attached to the same networks as the controllers when they are in the controllers group. If the monitoring hosts are not in the controllers group, they are attached to the following networks by default:

  • overcloud admin network
  • internal network
  • public network

This list may be extended by setting monitoring_extra_network_interfaces to a list of names of additional networks to attach. Alternatively, the list may be completely overridden by setting monitoring_network_interfaces. These variables are found in ${KAYOBE_CONFIG_PATH}/monitoring.yml.

Virtualised Compute Hosts

By default, virtualised compute hosts are attached to the following networks:

  • overcloud admin network
  • internal network
  • storage network
  • tunnel network

This list may be extended by setting compute_extra_network_interfaces to a list of names of additional networks to attach. Alternatively, the list may be completely overridden by setting compute_network_interfaces. These variables are found in ${KAYOBE_CONFIG_PATH}/compute.yml.

Other Hosts

If additional hosts are managed by kayobe, the networks to which these hosts are attached may be defined in a host or group variables file. See Control Plane Service Placement for further details.

Complete Example

The following example combines the complete network configuration into a single system configuration. In our example cloud we have three networks: management, cloud and external:

              +------------+         +----------------+             +----------------+
              |            |         |                +-+           |                +-+
              |            |         |                | +-+         |  Bare metal    | +-+
              |    Seed    |         |  Cloud hosts   | | |         |  compute hosts | | |
              |            |         |                | | |         |                | | |
              |            |         |                | | |         |                | | |
              +-----+------+         +----------------+ | |         +----------------+ | |
                    |                 +-----------------+ |          +-----------------+ |
                    |                   +-----------------+            +-----------------+
                    |                        |  |  |                           |
                    |                        |  |  |                           |
                    |                        |  |  |                           |
                    |                        |  |  |                           |
management +--------+------------------------+----------------------------------------------+
                                                |  |                           |
cloud      +------------------------------------+------------------------------+------------+
                                                   |
external   +---------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+

The management network is used to access the servers’ BMCs and by the seed to inspect and provision the cloud hosts. The cloud network carries all internal control plane and storage traffic, and is used by the control plane to provision the bare metal compute hosts. Finally, the external network links the cloud to the outside world.

We could describe such a network as follows:

networks.yml
---
# Network role mappings.
oob_oc_net_name: management
provision_oc_net_name: management
oob_wl_net_name: management
provision_wl_net_name: cloud
internal_net_name: cloud
public_net_name: external
external_net_name: external
storage_net_name: cloud
storage_mgmt_net_name: cloud
inspection_net_name: cloud

# management network definition.
management_cidr: 10.0.0.0/24
management_allocation_pool_start: 10.0.0.1
management_allocation_pool_end: 10.0.0.127
management_inspection_allocation_pool_start: 10.0.0.128
management_inspection_allocation_pool_end: 10.0.0.254

# cloud network definition.
cloud_cidr: 10.0.1.0/24
cloud_allocation_pool_start: 10.0.1.1
cloud_allocation_pool_end: 10.0.1.127
cloud_inspection_allocation_pool_start: 10.0.1.128
cloud_inspection_allocation_pool_end: 10.0.1.195
cloud_neutron_allocation_pool_start: 10.0.1.196
cloud_neutron_allocation_pool_end: 10.0.1.254

# external network definition.
external_cidr: 10.0.3.0/24
external_allocation_pool_start: 10.0.3.1
external_allocation_pool_end: 10.0.3.127
external_neutron_allocation_pool_start: 10.0.3.128
external_neutron_allocation_pool_end: 10.0.3.254
external_routes:
  - cidr 10.0.4.0/24
    gateway: 10.0.3.1

We can map these networks to network interfaces on the seed and controller hosts:

inventory/group_vars/seed/network-interfaces
---
management_interface: eth0
inventory/group_vars/controllers/network-interfaces
---
management_interface: eth0
cloud_interface: breth1
cloud_bridge_ports:
  - eth1
external_interface: eth2

We have defined a bridge for the cloud network on the controllers as this will allow it to be plugged into a neutron Open vSwitch bridge.

Kayobe will allocate IP addresses for the hosts that it manages:

network-allocation.yml
---
management_ips:
  seed: 10.0.0.1
  control0: 10.0.0.2
  control1: 10.0.0.3
  control2: 10.0.0.4
cloud_ips:
  control0: 10.0.1.1
  control1: 10.0.1.2
  control2: 10.0.1.3
external_ips:
  control0: 10.0.3.1
  control1: 10.0.3.2
  control2: 10.0.3.3

Note that although this file does not need to be created manually, doing so allows for a predictable IP address mapping which may be desirable in some cases.